By Leila Waid.
A recently published systematic review article analyzed effective methods for increasing heat literacy. A systematic review summarizes the current scientific literature by synthesizing multiple studies and providing the lessons learned. In this case, the authors focused on analyzing community-based health adaptation programs – defined as “interventions focus[ed] on local engagement, offering culturally tailored resources and information designed to enhance individual knowledge and adaptive behaviors related to heat-related illness prevention.” Instead of utilizing a top-down approach to address climate change, these programs focus on empowering communities by affecting local change via education initiatives and behavior change theories.
One study found that educational outreach efforts for older adults were an effective method when utilizing community spaces they are already familiar with and go to regularly. The participants were also taught how to measure Wet Bulb Globe Temperature. Another study, also focusing on delivering an education curriculum, found that Community Health Worker-led curriculums were associated with a 38% reduction in hospital visits. Also, a successful education program needs to increase not only the participants’ knowledge but also their attitude and practice (KAP) to induce desired behavior change.
Addressing heat risk among the elderly population is especially important due to their increased vulnerability. One study in the review focused on the importance of working with elderly individuals to draft a list of emergency contacts to call during heat waves. Another study evaluated the importance of addressing social isolation among older adults by strengthening their social networks and increasing their ties to the local community. The study found that elderly individuals participating in the program had lower mortality rates than non-participants.
Public health communication campaigns—such as handing out informational flyers and newspaper ads, installing an automated phone warning system, and conducting media outreach via radio, television, and newspaper ads—were also found to be effective. Another mass communication technique that was found to be effective included handing out water bottles with PSAs about heat safety to senior citizens at their place of residence.
These studies showcase that climate change adaptation techniques do not always need to utilize top-down approaches, focus on policy changes, or require a lot of resources. In many cases, outreach to communities and individuals to increase their knowledge levels via educational campaigns can be effective tools in the fight against climate change.